A good Terraria base is less about decoration and more about reducing repeated movement. Put the things you use together close together, and let storage reflect how you actually play.
1. Group common crafting stations
Keep frequently used stations in one predictable area. The goal is to make returning from a resource run fast: unload, craft, upgrade and leave again.
2. Use broad storage categories first
Start with obvious groups such as ores, blocks, equipment, potions and boss materials. You can add more categories when a chest actually becomes crowded.
3. Keep high-use supplies easy to reach
Consumables and frequently replaced items should be closer than rare collectibles. Storage distance should match how often you need the item.
4. Expand only when the current layout creates friction
Do not overbuild a huge storage hall before you need it. Add space and structure when your existing base is slowing down progression.